🚀 Run the Operator on a VPS

In this Guide:

Install dependencies
Install the drosera-operator CLI
Register your operator
Create db directory
Configure and Install the systemd service file
Enable and start the drosera-operator service
Configure the ufw firewall
Run the Delegation Client (Whitelisted Testnet Operators Only)

Prequisites

General linux systems knowledge
General terminal knowledge
General cloud networking knowledge

Install dependencies

sudo apt-get install -y curl clang libssl-dev tar ufw

Currently we only officially support Ubuntu 22.04 and newer. However, it is definitely possible to run drosera-operator on other hardware and OSes. However, you may have other dependencies and installation steps specific to your OS.
On non debian systems, use the package manager of your OS to install dependencies.
It is possible that your OS will have more dependencies what we have listed here. You can use your package manager to install whatever missing packages you might need if your drosera-operator errors because of a missing package.

Install the drosera-operator CLI

First we need to install the droserup utility

curl -L https://app.drosera.io/install | bash

This script installs the droseraup utility into your current user's home directory under a .drosera directory. It also adds a line in the current user's shell profile file (e.g. .bashrc) that adds the .drosera/bin directory to the $PATH system variable.
Follow the terminal prompt to bring the droseraup utility into the $PATH variable.

## Example terminal output:
Run 'source /home/user/.bashrc' or start a new terminal session to use droseraup.

Next we will install the drosera and drosera-operator cli

droseraup

This command installs the latest version of the drosera and drosera-operator cli in the home directory of the current user under a .drosera directory right alongside the droseraup utility. If you want a specific version of the cli tools, you can run the droseraup command with a version:

droseraup -v v1.16.1

Alternatively, (for automation, idempotency needs, and fewer possible failure points) you can install the pre-packaged binaries directly from the releases repository into any location you prefer (e.g. /usr/bin/). Make sure to set VERSION variable to the version you are attempting to download.

mkdir -p /home/${USER}/.drosera/bin
VERSION="v1.16.2"
curl -LO "https://github.com/drosera-network/releases/releases/download/${VERSION}/drosera-operator-${VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz"
tar -xvf "drosera-operator-${VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz"
sudo cp drosera-operator /home/${USER}/.drosera/bin/

Register your operator

See Registration documentation for concerns regarding what private key to use or not use.

drosera-operator register --eth-rpc-url https://ethereum-holesky-rpc.publicnode.com --eth-private-key <<YOUR_ETH_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE>>

Create db directory

We want a persistent location that is accessible by the service runner.
These permissions are specific to your use case, so we will make the service runnable by root and the directory accessible by root. Adjust the permissions and the systemd user as needed.

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/drosera-data
sudo chown -R root:root /var/lib/drosera-data
sudo chmod -R 700 /var/lib/drosera-data

Configuring the systemd Service File

This step is probably the one that is nearly impossible to fully cover in a guide. The drosera-operator has many customizable features, and until you have determined your use case needs, it is impossible to make this guide fit all possible configurations.
That said, we will give a good starting configuration with reasonable defaults for the Ethereum Holesky testnet. Please refer to our Run the Node guide for all of the configurations, command line argument, and environment variable options and their effects on how the drosera-operator runs.
Before running the command below, we will explain the environment variables and what they configure. If you need an explanation of the anatomy of a systemd service file, this DigitalOcean Guide will get you most of the way there.
- DRO_DB_FILE_PATH: The path to the database file to use for persistence when not in dev mode
- DRO__DROSERA_ADDRESS: The address of the main Drosera proxy contract to interact with
- DRO__LISTEN_ADDRESS: The network interface to bind the Operators RPC and P2P server to
- DRO__ETH__CHAIN_ID: The Ethereum chain id
- DRO__ETH__RPC_URL: The node used for querying and sending transactions. You will want to set this to an Ethereum Holesky RPC that is not rate limited. Usually public nodes have significant rate limits that will cause your operator to fail RPC calls to the chain.
- DRO__ETH__BACKUP_RPC_URL: A backup Ethereum RPC if the primary RPC node becomes unresponsive. This arg is optional. Again, this should also be a non rate-limited RPC
- DRO__ETH__PRIVATE_KEY: CHANGE THIS VALUE BELOW. The private key used to sign transactions. Please keep this secure.
- DRO__NETWORK__P2P_PORT: The TCP port to bind the P2P server to
- DRO__NETWORK__EXTERNAL_P2P_ADDRESS: CHANGE THIS VALUE BELOW. The external address to reach the Operator node at for p2p communications. This is required for the Operator to be discoverable by other nodes. The public address can either be an IP address or a domain name. If a domain name is used, the domain must resolve to the public IP address of the Operator. It is important to note, that this is the public IPv4 address of your VPS.
- DRO__SERVER__PORT: The TCP port to bind the rpc server to. This port is the port that must be properly allowed through the firewall in order for liveness data to be visible on the frontend.
It is also important to understand what the ExecStart directive is doing.

ExecStart=/home/user/.drosera/bin/drosera-operator node

This start directive is telling systemd how to start the service. In our case, we are giving it the path to the drosera-operator binary and the subcommand node.
IMPORTANT: If you installed your drosera-operator binary into a different location, or your current username is not user you need to change the path to be the path of your drosera-operator binary location. You can figure out this information by running whereis drosera-operator in your terminal.
Once you've made all of the configuration changes to your systemd service file below, you are ready to create a systemd service file in the /etc/systemd/system/ directory with the name drosera-operator.service

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/drosera-operator.service > /dev/null <<EOF

[Unit]
Description=Service for Drosera Operator
Requires=network.target
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always

Environment="DRO__DB_FILE_PATH=/var/lib/drosera-data/drosera.db"
Environment="DRO__DROSERA_ADDRESS=0xea08f7d533C2b9A62F40D5326214f39a8E3A32F8"
Environment="DRO__LISTEN_ADDRESS=0.0.0.0"
Environment="DRO__ETH__CHAIN_ID=17000"
Environment="DRO__ETH__RPC_URL=https://ethereum-holesky-rpc.publicnode.com"
Environment="DRO__ETH__BACKUP_RPC_URL=https://1rpc.io/holesky"
Environment="DRO__ETH__PRIVATE_KEY=<<YOUR_ETH_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE>>"
Environment="DRO__NETWORK__P2P_PORT=31313"
Environment="DRO__NETWORK__EXTERNAL_P2P_ADDRESS=<<YOUR-PUBLIC-VPS-IP-ADDRESS>>"
Environment="DRO__SERVER__PORT=31314"

ExecStart=/home/${USER}/.drosera/bin/drosera-operator node

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Enable and start the drosera-operator service

Load the systemd service file

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Start the drosera-operator service

sudo systemctl start drosera-operator.service

Enable the drosera-operator service so it will restart on system reboot

sudo systemctl enable drosera-operator.service

Confirm drosera-operator status

sudo systemctl status drosera-operator.service

Follow logs

sudo journalctl -u drosera-operator.service -f

Stop following logs

Ctrl+C

NOTE: the WARN drosera_services::network::service: Failed to gossip message: InsufficientPeers warning can be ignored.
If your drosera-operator is not opted into any traps, you will not see very many logs. We will cover opting into traps in another section.

At this point, you can confirm that public RPC communication is properly configured on your drosera-operator with the following curl command. Run this command from a terminal that is not on the same network as the VPS.

curl --location 'http://${YOUR_EXTERNAL_ADDRESS}:${SERVER_PORT}' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "drosera_healthCheck",
    "params": [],
    "id": 1
}'

In the command ${YOUR_EXTERNAL_ADDRESS} should be the same as what you set for the value of DRO__NETWORK__EXTERNAL_P2P_ADDRESS in the service file. And ${SERVER_PORT} should be what you set for the value of DRO__SERVER__PORT in the service file.

Configure the `ufw` firewall

Finally, we need to secure the VPS with a software firewall. It should be noted that you can achieve similar security using your cloud provider's network firewall that is configured outside of the VPS. Since we don't know what cloud provider you are using, we will demonstrate the firewall using ufw as our software firewall.
Allow ssh traffic

sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw allow 22

Allow drosera-operator ports

sudo ufw allow 31313/tcp
sudo ufw allow 31314/tcp

Enable the ufw firewall

sudo ufw enable

After you have enabled the ufw firewall, you can again confirm RPC connectivity with your drosera-operator using the following curl command. Run this command from a terminal that is not on the same network as the VPS.

curl --location 'http://${YOUR_EXTERNAL_ADDRESS}:${SERVER_PORT}' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "drosera_healthCheck",
    "params": [],
    "id": 1
}'

Whitelisted Testnet Operators Only

Run the Delegation Client

We have a closed set of whitelisted testnet operators that are running public traps. This section is for you, using systemd and a service file on a cloud VPS. The instructions for running the drosera-delegation-client are very similar to the instructions for running the drosera-operator as a systemd service, so we will spin through them pretty quickly without as much explanation of the configurations or possible scenarios you will encounter as we did in the drosera-operator section.

Prequisites

General linux systems knowledge
General terminal knowledge
General cloud networking knowledge

Install dependencies

sudo apt-get install -y curl clang libssl-dev tar ufw

Install `drosera-delegation-client`

You can install the pre-packaged binaries directly from the releases repository into any location you prefer (e.g. /usr/bin/). Make sure to set VERSION variable to the version you are attempting to download.

VERSION="v1.16.2"
curl -LO "https://github.com/drosera-network/releases/releases/download/${VERSION}/drosera-delegation-client-${VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz"
tar -xvf "drosera-delegation-client-${VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz"
sudo cp drosera-delegation-client /home/${USER}/.drosera/bin/

Configuring the systemd Service File

Again, this is a service file with reasonable defaults, and the drosera-delegation-client is configured very similarly to the drosera-operator.
There is one variable that is different in this example than the drosera-operator:
- DRO__DELEGATION_SERVER_URL: The value for this variable is the location of the Drosera Delegation Server which aids in opting in testnet operators automatically to public traps.
Please make sure to replace <<YOUR_ETH_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE>> with the same ethereum private key you put in the drosera-operator service file.

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/drosera-delegation-client.service > /dev/null <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Service for Drosera Delegation Client
Requires=network.target
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always

Environment="DRO__DELEGATION_SERVER_URL=https://delegation-server.testnet.drosera.io"
Environment="DRO__DROSERA_ADDRESS=0xea08f7d533C2b9A62F40D5326214f39a8E3A32F8"
Environment="DRO__ETH__CHAIN_ID=17000"
Environment="DRO__ETH__RPC_URL=https://ethereum-holesky-rpc.publicnode.com"
Environment="DRO__ETH__PRIVATE_KEY=<<YOUR_ETH_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE>>"
Environment="DRO__NETWORK_HTTP_PORT=32324"
Environment="DRO__NETWORK__LISTEN__ADDRESS=0.0.0.0"

ExecStart=/home/${USER}/.drosera/bin/drosera-delegation-client 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Enable and start the drosera-operator service

Load the systemd service file and run the drosera-delegation-client

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start drosera-delegation-client.service
sudo systemctl enable drosera-delegation-client.service
sudo systemctl status drosera-delegation-client.service

Follow logs

sudo journalctl -u drosera-delegation-client.service -f

Stop following logs

Ctrl+C

If your drosera-delegation-client is configured properly, you will see only this log, unless it finds a trap to opt into.

INFO drosera_delegation_client::delegation: Traps to opt into: []

Configure the `ufw` firewall

Finally, we need to allow one more port through our firewall
Allow ssh traffic (if you haven't already)

sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw allow 22

Allow drosera-delegation-client ports

sudo ufw allow 32324/tcp

Enable the ufw firewall

sudo ufw enable

Or if it was already enabled, reload the configuration

sudo ufw reload

After you have enabled the ufw firewall, you should be completely setup as a testnet whitelisted operator.

🚀 Run the Operator on a VPS

In this Guide:​

Prequisites​

Install dependencies​

Install the drosera-operator CLI​

Register your operator​

Create db directory​

Configuring the systemd Service File​

Enable and start the drosera-operator service​

Configure the ufw firewall​

Whitelisted Testnet Operators Only

Run the Delegation Client​

Prequisites​

Install dependencies​

Install drosera-delegation-client​

Configuring the systemd Service File​

Enable and start the drosera-operator service​

Configure the ufw firewall​

In this Guide:

Prequisites

Install dependencies

Install the drosera-operator CLI

Register your operator

Create db directory

Configuring the systemd Service File

Enable and start the drosera-operator service

Configure the `ufw` firewall

Run the Delegation Client

Prequisites

Install dependencies

Install `drosera-delegation-client`

Configuring the systemd Service File

Enable and start the drosera-operator service

Configure the `ufw` firewall